💊 5-HT3 Inhibitors (ex: ondansetron)
🤢🤮 Nausea and vomiting are two of the most common presenting complaints
5-HT3 inhibitors (such as ondansetron) are one of the top 200 drugs prescribed and are used for the prevention of:
🌟 chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
🌟 radiation-induced nausea and vomiting
🌟 postoperative nausea and vomiting
🌟 off-label for nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy
Vancomycin belongs to a class of antibiotics called glycopeptides. Drugs in this class are composed of a cyclic peptide bound by two sugar molecules (glycogen), hence the name glycopeptides!
MOA: binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine on the outer surface of cell membranes preventing cross-linking. This interferes with cell wall synthesis and results in bacterial cell death.
Another way to think of it: cell walls are like LEGO pieces linking together. The more that are linked, the stronger the structure is. Vancomycin prevents this cross-linking leading to an unstable structure.
Vancomycin = think mainly gram-positive coverage including MRSA! (gram-negatives do NOT have a thick cell wall and lack the D-ala-D-ala sequence, making vancomycin useless against them)
NOTE: Recently, the term “red man syndrome (RMS)” has been replaced and is now recognized as “vancomycin flushing syndrome” or “vancomycin infusion reaction”.
Mind the Gap- HAGMA Read More »
⭐ This is a great way to remember the names of antiretrovirals ⭐ Antiretroviral medications are used to treat HIV by blocking different stages of the virus’s life cycle (e.g., blocking entry into the host’s CD4 lymphocyte, inhibiting viral DNA from replicating, etc.) 😖 However, learning the names of antiretroviral medications is horribly difficult. There are lots of drugs, with a dizzying array of names, abbreviations, and combination tablets. Hopefully, this will help you not to completely BLANK on which drug belongs to which type of antiretroviral! 🤓
Vasopressors and Inotropes
Vasopressors and inotropes OH NO! 🙇🏻♀️ These medications are commonly used in the critical care setting in patients with shock (or those with extremely low blood pressure) leading to end-organ damage (acute kidney injury, increased LFTs, etc.).
👉🏻 Vasopressors are drugs that cause vasoconstriction, therefore increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP). Vaso refers to blood vessels and pressor means to put pressure on or constrict making up the word – VASO-pressor. 🩸
Examples of vasopressors include:
⭐ Norepinephrine
⭐ Epinephrine
⭐ Vasopressin
⭐ Phenylephrine
👉🏻 Inotropes are drugs that affect cardiac contractility (or the force of muscular contractions). They can also be used as chronotropes (drugs that increase heart rate). THINK: Ino = strength; Chrono = time. Some vasopressors may also have effects on contractility and are called inopressors.
Examples of positive inotropic agents include:
⭐ Milrinone
⭐ Dobutamine
⭐ Dopamine
⭐ Isoproterenone
🧠 With the many different types of vasopressors and inotropes, it is important to understand how they work to use them effectively. Choosing the wrong agent or using it inappropriately, can harm the patient.
Vasopressors and Inotropes Read More »
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Drugs that cause Constipation Read More »
👶🏻 Preterm labor occurs when labor begins too early. If this happens before the 37th week of gestation, the fetal organs, especially the lungs, might not be fully developed.
💊 In these cases, labor can be suppressed with uterine relaxants that relax the uterine muscle and slow down contractions for up to 48 hours. It gives the fetus a few more days in the uterus as a corticosteroid is given to speed up the development of a preterm infant’s lungs. Steroids help the lungs mature and may promote the production of surfactant, a substance that prevents the collapse of alveoli (small sacs in the lungs where the air is exchanged).
💊 Uterine relaxants are also called tocolytics (toco = childbirth, lytic = terminate) and include several different types of drugs.
Uterine Relaxant Drugs Read More »
Antibiotic Renal Dosing Read More »
Ketamine Properties Read More »
Antibiotics that Cover MRSA Read More »
Antibiotics that cover anaerobes Read More »