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Drug Mechanisms of Action Mnemonics/Tips

In pharmacology, the mechanism of action (MOA) is the specific biological process through which a drug produces its pharmacological effect AKA how it works. ⁠

Not only is knowing the mechanism of action important for exams and NAPLEX (as they are popular test questions), it gives you a baseline to understand/remember the drug indication, side effects, and underlying pathophysiology of the disease state.⁠⠀

Some MOAs are more complicated than others while some MOAs are unknown. Often, we get lucky and the drug class hints at the mechanism of action such as calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, etc. but this may not always be the case. ⁠⠀

Check out some tips and tricks on how to remember the MOA of some other common medications below:⁠⠀

-Rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban – anticoagulants⁠⠀
-Montelukast (Singulair) – used for allergic rhinitis and asthma⁠⠀
-Sulfamethoxazole – used in combination with trimethoprim as an antibiotic ⁠⠀
-Metformin (Glucophage) – antidiabetic medication⁠⠀
-Nitroglycerin – antianginal agent⁠⠀

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Proton Pump Inhibitors

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the top 200 drugs prescribed (sometimes over-prescribed 😔) and are the strongest medications used to treat stomach acid disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or peptic ulcers. ⁠⠀
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The generics in this class all end in “prazole”, however, if you pay close attention, the brand names of these drugs also hint at what they do. See below for some examples:⁠⠀
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💊 Prilosec (omeprazole): Pr (short for proton), lo (low), sec (secretions) meaning lowered secretions of protons (acid)⁠⠀
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💊 Aciphex (rabeprazole): aci (acid), phex (fix) which means it can help fix acid problems⁠⠀
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💊 Prevacid (lansoprazole): Prev (prevent) acid ⁠⠀
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💊 Protonix (pantoprazole): Proton (acid) nix (get rid of) or in other words nix protons⁠⠀

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Drug Allergies

While any drug can cause an allergic reaction, let’s focus on the top 3 most common drug allergies:⁠⠀
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💊 Penicillin allergies⁠⠀
💊 Sulfa allergies⁠⠀
💊 Opioid allergies⁠⠀
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When you realize a patient has an allergy to a medication you are about to prescribe, verify, or administer, always assess to see if the patient is TRULY allergic to the medication by:⁠⠀
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✏️ Asking what reaction they had to it⁠⠀
✏️ Determine if the reaction is a considered side effect/intolerance vs. a true allergy that is IgE mediated (anaphylaxis or angioedema) ⁠⠀
✏️ If it is a true allergy, replace the medication with an alternative drug⁠⠀
✏️ If using another agent that could potentially cross-react be sure to monitor the patient closely ⁠⠀
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Most often patients who report they have an allergy to one of these medications are truly not allergic to it but are often just intolerant to its side effects which can lead to costlier and less effective medications being used in its place. ⁠It’s important to assess the nature of the allergy and weigh the risks and benefits of using other alternatives.

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Drug Antidotes⁠ #1⠀

🚦 Antidotes are substances used to reverse the effects of poisoning. The word “antidote” itself derives from the Greek word, antidoton, meaning “administered as a remedy’.⁠⠀
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Some antidotes are used to treat one specific drug while other antidotes (ex: charcoal) can reverse the effects of many different toxins. ⁠⠀

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Statins

Did you know statins are one of the top 10 most prescribed drugs in the United States? 🤔

Medications in this class end in the suffix “-statin” and include:
Atorvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Fluvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

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